Tutorial: Configuration Cisco router
1. Introduction:
There are several methods which you can configure the Cisco router. Can be performed on the network from a TFTP server, can be made through the menu provided when you start or can be done from the menu provided by using the command setup. However, guidance in not introducing this method. It only introduces the configuration from the IOS command line. However, instructions would be very useful for anyone who is also the router’s IOS and the CCNA studies.
Note that in this guide will not be referred to the physical connection from the router to the network that it will do the routing but introduces configuration system.
The reason for the use of command line
Main reasons for using the command line instead of a control interface through menu allows faster implementation is when you invest time to research the command, you can perform many operations quickly than using the menu. This creates advantages of using command line from the menu. Also what made it special to effectively research the command line interface of Cisco IOS that it is a standard for all Cisco router. Add to that a few questions in the CCNA test requires you to know about this command.
2. Starting with Cisco
Start you can configure your router from a device end. If the router has been configured and have at least one port is configured with an IP address that it will have a physical connection to the network, from which you can telnet to the router and configure it on the network. If it has not yet been configured, you need to connect directly to a router device end and serial cable. For Windows computers, you can use Hyperterminal to connect easily to the router. Connect serial cable to COM port on your computer and plug the other end into port on the router. Launch Hyperterminal, to which COM port you use and enable OK. Set connection speed is 9600 baud and OK size. If the router has not been derived, please enable it to feed.
If you want to configure the router from the Linux computer, must be Seyon or Minicom, then at least one of them, can both be accompanied by distribution of Linux you.
Usually you need to best the Enter key to see the prompt from the router. If it has not been configured then you will see as below:
Router>
If it was previously configured with a hostname, then you will find:
hostname of router>
If you have any router, after booting it will ask whether you want to start the configuration from the start or not. Please reject answer. If you agree it will take you to the menu. Therefore, select it.
The mode
Command line interface of Cisco IOS are held by the idea of the mode (mode). You move in and out a few different modes in the router configuration, what mode you are in will determine which commands you can use. Each mode has a set of commands available for it, some of the commands only available in that mode. In any mode you choose, the dnahs by a dot will display a list of commands available in that mode.
Router>?
The mode is not privileged and privileged
When you first connect to the router and provide the password (if necessary), you will be on the Exec, the first thing you can use the commands from command line. From here, you can use the command no privilege as ping, telnet, and rlogin. Can use the show for information systems. In privileged mode, you can use the show version command to display the version of IOS router that is running. It show? will show all show commands available in the mode that you are present.
Router> show?
You need to privileged mode to configure the router to your computer. To do so by using the enable command. The privileges are usually password protected unless the router is not configured. You can select the privilege does not protect the password but they all should set a password to secure. When the enable command and provide your password, you will to the privileged.
To help users keep track of the time they’re in, prompted by a command line command will change every time you visit a different mode. When you switch from mode not privileged to privileged mode, prompt will change from:
Router>
City
Router #
This is not necessary if only two modes. However, in practice, with many of the features is necessary. You also need to pay attention to remind all the time.
Inside the privileges that many of the small. When you visit the privileges (or may be called the father – parent), will prompt ends with (#). There are many modes that you only have to be the privileged mode. Each one of this mode has prompted the form below:
Router (arguments) #
They still finished with (#) and contributes to the privileged mode. Many of the children in the mode itself. When you visit the privileges, you can access all configuration information as well as options that IOS provides, either directly from the father or one of the mode of it.
3. Cisco router configuration
If you enable the router, it will not be configured. If it is configured, you can view the configuration of it. Even if it has not been configured before, you can also exploit the show in order before you start configuring router. To privileged mode by the command enable, then play a few show commands to see what they show. Remember, the command show? will show all show commands available in the current. Try the command below:
Router # show interfaces
Router # show ip protocols
Router # show ip route
Router # show ip arp
When the privileged mode using the enable command, then you are in the top-level mode of privileged, known in this document as “the father – parent.” It is a mode you can display the most information about router. As you know, you can make it to the show command. Here you can see the configuration interface. Can display the IP protocol is being used as anything, such as the dynamic routing. You can see the routes and routing ARP and a number of important options other.
When the router configuration, you will be in a mode to set the options, and then return to parent mode to display the results. You will also return to the parent to the other. To return to the father, you just press ctrl-z. This command will do you just play the effect and bring you back to the father.
Configuring globally
To configure any feature of any router, you need to configure mode. This is the first child of the father. In the father, you develop command config.
Router # config
Router (config) #
As proved above, will prompt changes to indicate that you are in any mode at this time.
In configuration mode, you can set options to use for the whole system, alluded to as the configuration globally. For example, name the router so you can easily identify it. You can make it in the configuration with the command hostname.
Router (config) # hostname ExampleName
ExampleName (config) #
As proved above, when you set the name of the host hostname command, prompt immediately changes by replacing the Router ExampleName. (Note: the name of your router in a scheme organized name).
Some other useful commands from the configuration mode command is to specify DNS servers to use the router:
ExampleName (config) # ip name-server aa.bb.cc.dd
ExampleName (config) # ctrl-Z
ExampleName #
This is where you set password for privileged mode.
ExampleName (config) # enable secret examplepassword
ExampleName (config) # ctrl-Z
ExampleName #
Until you press Ctrl-Z (or exit until you go to the father) commands you should not be affected. You may enter configuration mode, play a few different commands, then press Ctrl-Z to activate them. Each time you press Ctrl-Z, you will return to the prompt and father:
ExampleName #
Here you use the show to assess the results of the commands you have in the configuration. To assess the results of the command ip name-server, the command show host.
Configuration interface
The name Cisco interface is very simple. The interface is unique to this process by:
media type slot # / port #
“Media type” is the type of equipment has an interface, such as Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, serial, …’s slot only with the appropriate router to provide slot so you can install Modul. The Modul includes several ports for devices provided. Serie 7200 is an example. The Modul, the heat. You can remove a Modul that out of its slot and replace it with a Modul that do not need to disconnect the services provided by other Modul installed in the router. The slot is numbered on the router.
Port number based on reference to other ports in the Modul. The number is conducted from left to right and they all start from 0, not a digit.
For example, a Cisco 7206 router serie 7200 6 slot. To refer to an interface as a third Ethernet Modul is installed in the sixth slot, it will be the 6 / 2. Therefore, to display configuration interface, you need to use the command:
ExampleName # show interface ethernet 6 / 2
If your router does not have the slot, just like in 1600, is the only name include:
media type port #
For example:
ExampleName # show interface serial 0
This is an example of configuring a serial port with an IP address:
ExampleName # config
ExampleName (config) # interface serial 1 / 1
ExampleName (config-if) # ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.0
ExampleName (config-if) # no shutdown
ExampleName (config-if) # ctrl-Z
ExampleName #
Then the configuration:
ExampleName # show interface serial 1 / 1
Note on command no shutdown. An interface can be configured correctly and physical connection, but still having problems. In this status it will not work. Command causes this error is shutdown.
ExampleName (config) # interface serial 1 / 1
ExampleName (config-if) # shutdown
ExampleName (config-if) # ctrl-Z
ExampleName # show interface serial 1 / 1
In Cisco IOS, the island or delete the results for any order is placed it in front it. For example, if you want to cancel assigned IP address that was assigned to interface serial 1 / 1:
ExampleName (config) # interface serail 1 / 1
ExampleName (config-if) # no ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.0
ExampleName (config-if) ctrl-Z
ExampleName # show interface serial 1 / 1
The configuration most interfaces for LAN connections might consist only of assigning a network layer address and ensure that the interface is not shutdown. Often without the regulation of the Basket link data. Note that often need to regulations of the Basket link data compatibility, such as frame-relay and ATM. The serial interfaces default to using HDLC. But deep discussion about the link data outside the scope of this document. You will need to look IOS command encapsulation for more information.
Configuration and routing
The IP routing is enabled in a fully automatic on the Cisco router. If it has been disabled since before on your router, you can activate it back in configuration mode with the command ip routing.
ExampleName (config) # ip routing
ExampleName (config) # ctrl-Z
There are two main ways a router knows where it sent the packages. Administrator can assign static routes or static Routes router can learn about routes using routing protocols, the dynamic routing protocol.
Today, the method of static routing in general is often used in the network is simple or in cases where mandatory need to use them. To create a static online, administrators only need to order for your system to any network traffic is planning to address specific network classes that need to be forwarded to a network layer address such specific . In Cisco IOS, this is done with the command ip route.
ExampleName # config
ExampleName (config) # ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.150.1
ExampleName (config) # ctrl-Z
ExampleName # show ip route
There are two things need to say in this example. The first is the destination address must contain subnet mask for the destination network. The second address to send it forward to the address specified by the next router along the path to the destination. This is the most common way for establishing a static route. However there is also some other methods.
The protocol the route, running on the router is connected, allowing the router to share this information routing. It allows the router know the routes are available to them. Advantages of this method is the router can adjust to changing network Topo. If a physical line is removed or router next to it will close encounter problems, the routing protocol will search for new routes. Routing protocols can choose between the routes can be based on variables such as network congestion or the ability to network reliability.
There are many routing protocols are different, they all are using different variables to determine the appropriate routes. However, a router need to run the same route as the router it’s close. Although so many router can run multiple protocols. In addition, many protocols are designed to be transferred to the routing information to the routing protocol other. This is called the distributor again. Here we introduce an IOS redistribute command so you can research if necessary.
The routing protocol is a complex topic and this document includes only the description of the cast. You can learn more from a variety of other resources, an ideal that we introduce to you here on this topic is Cisco’s website, http://www.cisco.com.
This document describes the configuration Routing Information Protocol (RIP) on Cisco router. From the command line, we must in order for the router to use it and what network protocol will route for.
ExampleName # config
ExampleName (config) # router rip
ExampleName (config-router) # network aa.bb.cc.dd
ExampleName (config-router) # network ee.ff.gg.hh
ExampleName (config-router) # ctrl-Z
ExampleName # show ip protocols
Now, when the show ip protocols command, you will see an entry describing the configuration of RIP.
Save router configuration
When you have configured routing on the router, have configured the interface and your router can route traffic. Please allow it to exchange with the surrounding network, then the command show ip route and show ip arp. Have the entry in the table already know the route.
If the router off and turn it back, you will have to start the configuration again. Configuration by running, you can not save to any storage eternal time. You can see this configuration with the command show running-config.
ExampleName # show running-config
If you want to save your running successfully, please copy the command running-config startup-config.
ExampleName # copy running-config startup-config
Your configuration will be saved in non-volatile RAM (NVRAM). The command show startup-config.
ExampleName # show startup-config
Now whenever you need to give your router to configure it, then the command copy running-config startup-config.
ExampleName # copy running-config startup-config
Configuration example
Router> enable
Router # config
Router (config) # hostname N115-7206
N115-7206 (config) # interface serial 1 / 1
N115-7206 (config-if) ip address 192.168.155.2 255.255.255.0
N115-7206 (config-if) no shutdown
N115-7206 (config-if) ctrl-z
N115-7206 # show interface serial 1 / 1
N115-7206 # config
N115-7206 (config) # interface ethernet 2 / 3
N115-7206 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.150.90 255.255.255.0
N115-7206 (config-if) # no shutdown
N115-7206 (config-if) # ctrl-z
N115-7206 # show interface ethernet 2 / 3
N115-7206 # config
N115-7206 (config) # router rip
N115-7206 (config-router) # network 192.168.155.0
N115-7206 (config-router) # network 192.168.150.0
N115-7206 (config-router) # ctrl-z
N115-7206 # show ip protocols
N115-7206 # ping 192.168.150.1
N115-7206 # config
N115-7206 (config) # ip name-server 172.16.0.10
N115-7206 (config) # ctrl-z
N115-7206 # ping archie.au
N115-7206 # config
N115-7206 (config) # enable secret password
N115-7206 (config) # ctrl-z
N115-7206 # copy running-config startup-config
N115-7206 # exit
4. Overcoming Cisco router problems
Surely in the use of this will matter. Often, it is a mistake that users find that they can not reach a destination that, or all purpose. You need to know how to check how router is trying to route traffic and must be able to check and detect errors points.
Until you have deep with the show commands, both specific commands and learning the show commands available. Some of the basic commands and most useful that you can use to overcome the problem is:
ExampleName # show interfaces
ExampleName # show ip protocols
ExampleName # show ip route
ExampleName # show ip arp
Check connection
It could be that the error points are not in the configuration of the router or not related to your router tí time. If you check your router configuration and operation as well as everything good the problem may be located in access.
A diagnosis simple and useful that the ping command. Ping is an implementation of IP Control Message Protocol (ICMP). This will send an ICMP echo request to the destination IP address. If receiving a request, it returns a packet with a ICMP echo response. Signal is replaced by the dialogue as:
Hello, you are not there?
Yes, I am here.
ExampleName # ping xx.xx.xx.xx
If the ping is successful, you will know the destination that you want to access does exist and can connect to.
If more than one router between your router and destination, you’ll difficulties in connecting to them, then the problem can be found in the other router. Even if you ping a router and it’s return may be some of the other problems, the routing of it may be some errors or other problems can arise.
To see where packets are left on your router when on the road to a destination is, how far the distance, you use the command trace.
ExampleName # trace xx.xx.xx.xx
May take several minutes for this gadget to work, and so you need to patiently wait. It will display a list of all the dance steps on the way to the destination.
Debug commands
There are several debug commands provided by IOS. Orders were not introduced here, you can refer to it in the Cisco website.
The connection hardware and physical
Also can point error from the connection hardware, or your physical. Any number which they can have trouble, since motherboard failed to break the cable or an error source. However, this document will not describe how to overcome the problems these issues, except a number of simple fix below.
Check if your router is on or not. Also need to ensure that no cable is damaged or liquid. Also need to ensure that the cable is plugged properly port. Besides simple advice, you need to check more resources to help others.
Outside control
If errors do not point on line, the problem can be found on the device. Then you can call the administrator device, let them know about the problem you are having and ask for help from them.
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